Cultivation of Spirulina platensis in human urine medium or/and fish liver oil medium (home design)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is one of the most significant algae that has attracted a lot of business interest as a novel natural product, which necessitates the development of a low-cost cultivation system to produce high yields. This study aims to evaluate the 30-day culture of S.platensis in a human urine mixture with or without fish liver oil medium (home design). The cultivation included eight conditions: Zarrouk's medium (control), human urine medium at 1:1 and 1:2 (v:v) concentrations, fish liver oil medium at 5/100 and 10ml/100ml concentrations, and finally mixture medium. The results show that S.platensis grew in all tested media with stable productivity. Nevertheless, Zarrouk's medium was significantly (P<0.05) higher than all tested media in all growth indicators. On the other hand, it was observed that Spirulina cultivation in the mixture medium was very satisfactory, yielding biomass (4.4g/L), a specific growth rate of 0.14 mg/L/day, a generation time of 2.7 days and total carbohydrate 53.0% (w/w), which was comparable to Zarrouk's medium, with biomass (5.2 g/L), a specific growth rate of 0.18 mg/L/day, a generation time of 3.2 days and total carbohydrate 38.0% (w/w). This study is a step in the right direction toward developing an affordable medium for Spirulina platensis cultivation
Article Details
References
Gershwin ME, Belay A. (Eds.). Spirulina in human nutrition and health. CRC press. 2007.
Jung F, Krüger-Genge A, Waldeck P, Küpper JH. Spirulina platensis, a super food?. Journal of Cellular Biotechnology. 2019, 5(1): 43-54.
Sharma A, Kaur K., Manjari DM, Marwaha D. Spirulina Platensis an “Ultimate Food”: A Review. IJRAR-International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR). 2019, 6(1): 428-437.
Gogna S, Kaur J, Sharma K., Prasad, R, Singh J, Bhadariya V, ... Jarial S. Spirulina-an edible cyanobacterium with potential therapeutic health benefits and toxicological consequences. Journal of the American Nutrition Association. 2023, 42(6): 559-572.
AlFadhly NK, Alhelfi N, Altemimi AB, Verma DK, Cacciola F, Narayanankutty A. Trends and technological advancements in the possible food applications of Spirulina and their health benefits: A Review. Molecules. 2020, 27(17): 5584.
Paerl HW, Xu H, McCarthy MJ, Zhu G, Qin B, Li Y, Gardner WS. Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a hyper-eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu, China): the need for a dual nutrient (N & P) management strategy. Water research. 2011, 45(5): 1973-1983.
Chakraborty B, Gayen K, Bhowmick TK. Transition from synthetic to alternative media for microalgae cultivation: A critical review. Science of The Total Environment. 2023, 165412.
Canizales S, Chen PH, Temmink H, Wijffels RH, Janssen M. Cyanobacteria cultivation on human urine for nutrients recovery. Algal Research. 2023, 71: 103064.
Siddiqui SA, Wu YS, Saikia T, Ucak İ, Afreen M, Shah MA, Ayivi RD. Production and growth of microalgae in urine and wastewater: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2023: 1-35.
Saxena R, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Chávez-Gonzalez ML, Aguilar CN, Quijano G, Ruiz HA. Strategy Development for Microalgae Spirulina platensis Biomass Cultivation in a Bubble Photobioreactor to Promote High Carbohydrate Content. Fermentation. 2022, 8(8): 374.
Ali MZ, Bhadra A, Mahmud Y. Evaluation of the Growth Performance of Spirulina platensis in Different Concentrations of Kosaric Medium (KM) and Papaya Skin Powder Medium (PSPM). Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 2023, 12(2): 435.
Zarrouk C. Contribution a l'etude d'une Cyanophycee. Influence de Divers Facteurs Physiques et Chimiques sur la croissance et la photosynthese de Spirulina mixima. Thesis. University of Paris, France. 1996.
Ansari FA, Singh P, Guldhe A, Bux F. Microalgal cultivation using aquaculture wastewater: integrated biomass generation and nutrient remediation. Algal research. 2017, 21: 169-177.
Oliveira MD, Monteiro MPC, Robbs PG, Leite SGF. Growth and chemical composition of Spirulina maxima and Spirulina platensis biomass at different temperatures. Aquaculture international. 1999, 7: 261-275.
Ranjith L, Shukla SP, Vennila A, Purushothaman CS. Growth performance of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis in a low cost medium: An assessment. Acta Biologica Indica, 2013, 2(1): 335-342.
Zaparoli M, Ziemniczak FG, Mantovani L, Costa JAV, Colla LM. Cellular stress conditions as a strategy to increase carbohydrate productivity in Spirulina platensis. BioEnergy Research. 2020, 13(4): 1221-1234.
Koru E. Earth food Spirulina (Arthrospira): production and quality standards. Food additive. 2012, 76(4): 46-67.
Sopandi T, Rohmah T, Tri Agustina SA. Biomass and nutrient composition of Spirulina platensis grown in goat manure media. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2020, 8(2).
Affan MA., Lee DW, Al-Harbi SM, Kim HJ, Abdulwassi NI, Heo SJ, ...Kang DH. Variation of Spirulina maxima biomass production in different depths of urea-used culture medium. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2015, 46: 991-1000.
Tilami SK, Sampels S, Zajíc T, Krejsa J, Másílko J, Mráz J. Nutritional value of several commercially important river fish species from the Czech Republic. PeerJ. 2018, 6: e5729.
Liang C, Zhang N, Pang Y, Li S, Shang J, Zhang Y, ... Fei H. Cultivation of Spirulina platensis for nutrient removal from piggery wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, 30(36): 85733-85745.
Qiang H, Guterman H, Richmond A. Physiological characteristics of spirulina platensis (cyanobacteria) cultured at ultrahigh cell densities 1. Journal of Phycology. 1996, 32(6): 1066-1073.
de Morais EG, Nunes IL, Druzian JI, de Morais MG, da Rosa APC, Costa JAV. Increase in biomass productivity and protein content of Spirulina sp. LEB 18 (Arthrospira) cultivated with crude glycerol. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2020: 1-9.